Chemistry and Bonds: The Science of Chemical Bonding
by Yuvi K - December 16, 2023
Chemistry and Bonds:The Science of Chemical Bonding
Chemistry is often referred to as ‘the central science’. All of today’s living organisms are made of atoms, and the way these atoms are combined determines the makeup of substances. This ‘building block’ phenomenon is known as chemical bonding and it forms the foundation for much of the modern scientific knowledge that we have today.
What is Chemical Bonding?
Chemical bonding is a type of attraction between atoms or molecules which helps them to hold together. It is the form of energy exchange between molecules which causes them to form molecules. The electrons involved in this process are known as valence electrons. These electrons are shared between the atoms or molecules and form the bonding.
The type of bond formed depends on the type of atoms involved. For example, a bond between two hydrogen atoms is known as a covalent bond, while a bond between two oxygen atoms is an ionic bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
There are four commonly known types of chemical bonds that hold molecules together – covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and metallic bonds. We will look at each of these types of bonds in more detail below.
Covalent Bond (सोभैन्ट बोंड )
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed when two or more atoms share electrons. In covalent bonding, the electrons are shared equally between the atoms, giving each atom an equal share of the electrons and a neutral charge. Examples of covalent bonds include H 2 O (water), CH 3 OH (methanol), and NH 3 (ammonia).
Ionic Bond (आयोनिक बोंड )
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed when one atom gives away one or more electrons to another atom or molecule. This process creates an electrically charged particle known as an ion. Ionic bonds form between elements that have a large difference in their electronegativity. Examples of ionic bonds include NaCl (sodium chloride), KCl (potassium chloride), and CaCl 2 (calcium chloride).
Hydrogen Bond (हायड्रॉजन बोंड )
A hydrogen bond is a type of chemical bond formed when a hydrogen atom (which has a partial positive charge) is attracted to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen). Examples of hydrogen bonds include H 2 O (water), NH 3 (ammonia), and CH 3 OH (methanol).
Metallic Bond (मेटैलिक बोंड )
A metallic bond is a type of chemical bond formed when metal atoms are held together by the attraction between their valence electrons. The valence electrons bond to the nuclei of the metal atoms, creating a strong metallic bond. Examples of this type of bond include Cu (copper), Au (gold), and Al (aluminum).
How Does Chemical Bonding Affect Properties?
Chemical bonding affects the properties of substances in many ways. For example, the type of bond (ionic, covalent, hydrogen, or metallic) determines the hardness, strength, electrical conductivity, and heat resistance of a substance.
Conclusion
In conclusion, chemical bonding involves the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms or molecules, forming strong bonds which determine the properties of a substance. The type of bond formed (covalent, ionic, hydrogen or metallic) depends on the type of atoms involved, and it affects the physical and chemical properties of the substance.
Chemical bonding is a fundamental concept in chemistry and understanding it is essential to understanding how the universe works.
