Chemistry Insights: Group 1 Elements, the Alkali Metals
by Yuvi K - December 16, 2023
Group 1 Elements – Introducing the Alkali Metals
Chemical elements are organized according to their properties. Group 1 elements form part of a special group of elements on the periodic table because they have very similar characteristics. These elements are also called the alkali metals.
What are Alkali Metals?
The alkali metals are a group of elements that occupy the first column of the periodic table. These metals have a wide array of uses, ranging from everyday applications to industrial processes.
The group 1 elements include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Common properties of these alkali metals include:
- High ductility and low melting points
- High electrical and thermal conductivity
- High reactivity – they readily give up electrons when they come into contact with other elements
- High reactivity with water (nah hoga (This won’t happen))
Uses of Alkali Metals
Alkali metals have a multitude of industrial and everyday uses. According to the National Institutes of Health, “Alkali metals have been used in the production of soaps, insecticides, fuel cells, atomic energy, fireworks, and explosives.” They have also been used in alloys, pharmaceuticals, and in the production of laser equipment.
The individual alkali metals have their own specialized uses, too. Lithium, for instance, is used in the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder. Rubidium can be used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Cesium is used in atomic clocks and they have even been used to make fining agents in beer production.
Safety Precautions for Handling the Alkali Metals
As with any chemical element, safety precautions should be taken when handling alkali metals. Some of the safety measures include:
- Wearing protective clothing and gloves when handling alkali metals
- Keeping the elements in sealed, air-tight containers to avoid contact with moisture
- Proper lab ventilation when handling alkali metals
- Keeping alkali metals away from combustible materials
- Properly disposing of alkali metals after use
Summary
Group 1 elements, also known as the alkali metals, are versatile elements with a multitude of uses. They have many typical characteristics, such as high ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity, and reactivity with other elements. From industrial uses to everyday applications, alkali metals are used in a variety of fields.
Due to the high reactivity, special safety measures should be taken when handling alkali metals. By following safety precautions, these elements can be safely and effectively used, making them indispensable elements in today’s world.
