Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs): Illuminating Technology

by Yuvi K - December 17, 2023

What is a Light Emitting Diode (LED)?

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p-n junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. The colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.

How Do LEDs Work?

A LED is a doped semiconductor diode, which operates like an electrical switch. The small device is made of a transparent or semi-transparent material, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs). When electricity flows through the LED, electrons and holes combine within the device and release energy in the form of photons. The color of light emitted is determined by the energy gap within the semiconductor.

Advantages of LEDs Over Other Light Sources

• Compatibility – LEDs are compatible with most voltage sources, with low voltage DC used most often.
• Efficiency – LEDs are more energy efficient than other types of lighting.
• Durability – LEDs are highly durable and last longer than other types of lighting.
• Low Heat – LEDs produce very little heat.
• Safety – LEDs are much safer than other types of lighting.

Applications of LEDs

LEDs have proven to be highly versatile and are used in a variety of applications. Here are some of the more common applications
• Home Lighting – LEDs are used in many residential applications including indoor and outdoor lighting.
• Automotive Lighting – LEDs are used in automobiles and motorcycles for headlights, brake lights, turn signals, and interior lighting.
• Displays – LEDs are used in displays for digital clocks, scoreboards, and electronic billboards.
• Toys – LEDs are used in many battery-operated toys and games.
• Signs – LEDs are used for advertising and promotional signs.

Conclusion

LEDs offer a number of advantages over other light sources, including low energy consumption, durability, and safety. Their small size and versatility also make them a popular choice for a variety of applications, including home lighting, automotive lighting, displays, toys, and signs. LEDs are the future of lighting, and they are sure to continue to play an important role in lighting technology.