Separation Techniques in Chemistry: Methods and Applications

by Yuvi K - December 21, 2023

Separation Techniques in Chemistry: Methods and Applications

Separation techniques in Chemistry are those techniques that allow the separation of components in mixtures as well as other substances, usually by altering their physical or chemical properties.

These techniques are used to identify compounds, measure their concentrations and purity, and to purify or isolate them for analytical or other purposes. These techniques are commonly used in the fields of biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, food sciences, and forensic investigations.

Types of Physical Separation Techniques:

Physical separation techniques are based on the physical properties of the molecules that make up a substance or sample. Such techniques are usually commonly used in the mining, food and extraction of natural resources industries. Some common physical separation techniques are sedimentation, crystallization, distillation, filtration, and centrifugation.

Sedimentation:

It is a physical process of separating solid particles from the suspension of a liquid or gas by using the process of gravity. This technique is often used to separate phases in mining industry for preliminary analysis. (भौतिक प्रक्रिया है जिसमें किसी शराब या गैस के व्यवस्था से धातु अंश गुर्जन के माध्यम से विभाजित किये जाते हैं। )

Crystallization:

Crystallization is the process of separating compounds from suspension and preparation of solid phase from liquid phase by cooling of hotter solution. For example, sugar can be crystallized from impure solution by cooling the mixture below its saturation temperature. ( क्रिस्टलाईज़ेशन उस प्रक्रिया का नाम है जिससे मिश्रण से तत्वों को विभाजित किया जाता है और उसके उत्तरतांत्रिक तापमान से तापित होने वाली तैयारियों से कठोर स्तर को तैयार किया जाता है। )

Distillation:

Distillation is a process of separating compounds by boiling the mixture to vaporize essential components and then condensing the vapor to concentrate the separation in the desired component. It typically consists of boiling the mixture to produce vapors, which are then cooled and condensed to produce the desired components in their purest forms. ( अतिरिक्त किसी अवधी की पेड़ों या जलाशय से तत्वों को अलग करने की एक प्रक्रिया है जो मिश्रण को उबालकर उत्तेजित तत्वों का निर्माण करती है, फिर से उस मिश्रण को ठंडा करके समझौता करती है और उसमें किसी तत्व के चयनित माध्यम में भरता है। )

Filtration:

Filtration is the process of separating solid particles from liquid or gas suspension by using filtering medium such as sand, filter paper, cloths etc. Generally, filter paper is used to separate solid and liquid particles from mixture to purify the mixture. ( फिल्ट्रेशन एक प्रक्रिया है जिसमें मिश्रण से धातु अंशों को अलग करने के लिए आंधी, फ़िल्टर पेपर, कपड़े आदि का उपयोग किया जाता है। । )

Centrifugation:

Centrifugation is a process of separating solid particles and liquids from mixtures using centrifugal force. Centrifugation is used to separate components of biological samples such as blood, cells and proteins. ( सेंट्रीफुगेशन मिश्रण से धातु अंशों और तरल के मध्य से अलग करने के लिए सेंट्रीफुगल बल का उपयोग करती हुई एक प्रक्रिया है। इसका उपयोग रक्त, क्षैतिज और प्रोटीनों के संबंध में सामान्य प्रक्रियाओं को अलग करने के लिए किया जाता है। )

Chemical separation techniques:

Chemical separation techniques are used to separate components using their chemical properties. These techniques are used in areas such as pharmaceuticals, food sciences, environmental sciences, molecular biology, etc. Some of the most common chemical separation techniques are precipitation, sublimation, and solvent extraction.