Biology in Focus: Human Skeletal Disorders

by Yuvi K - December 16, 2023

An Overview of Human Skeletal Disorders

Human skeletal disorders can range from genetic causes to lifestyle-related problems, but regardless of the root cause, they are potentially life-altering and painful conditions. While some skeletal disorders are unnoticeable until later in life, many happen in childhood. The causes of such disorders can vary from hereditary to environmental to lifestyle factors, but their effects can be irreversible.

In this article, we will outline and discuss the various disorders that can affect the human skeletal system. This includes genetic skeletal disorders like osteogenesis imperfecta (Ikdham इक्दम) and skeletal dysplasias, as well as lifestyle-related conditions like obesity and osteoporosis.

What is the Human Skeletal System?

The human skeletal system is the framework of the body, consisting of 206 bones and their associated cartilages, muscles, and ligaments. It provides the support and structure necessary for movements like walking, running, and jumping, as well as providing protection for the internal organs. The bones, cartilage, and ligaments located in the human skeleton also serve the purpose of allowing blood to move throughout the body.

Genetic Skeletal Disorders

Genetic skeletal disorders are inherited conditions that affect the bones and can lead to skeletal deformities, fragile bones, and abnormal growth and development. They are usually caused by a single gene mutation, although there are examples of polygenic disorders, which involve multiple genes. Examples of genetic skeletal disorders include:

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Ikdham इक्दम)

Osteogenesis imperfecta, more commonly referred to as “brittle bone disease”, is an inherited disorder characterized by fragile bones that are easily broken. It occurs when the body does not produce enough of the protein collagen, which is essential for strong bones. Osteogenesis imperfecta is classified into several types, which vary from mild to severe. Symptoms of the more severe types can include bone deformities, short stature, hearing loss, and a blue sclera (Sathi साथी).

Skeletal Dysplasias

Skeletal dysplasias are a group of genetic disorders characterized by abnormalities in growth or development of the bones and joints. They typically manifest as achondroplasia, which is characterized by short limbs, an elongated head, and a flat mid-face. Achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia, and it can lead to joint and airway problems. Other forms of skeletal dysplasias include chondrodysplasia, which can cause short stature, joint dislocations, and respiratory difficulties.

Lifestyle-Related Skeletal Disorders

Some skeletal disorders, such as obesity and osteoporosis, are lifestyle-related conditions that can be prevented or managed with healthy lifestyle habits.

Obesity

Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of over 30. It can lead to skeletal problems such as osteoarthritis, as well as other health problems like heart and respiratory disease. It is a preventable condition if people commit to regular exercise and a balanced diet.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become unusually fragile due to a lack of calcium, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It typically affects older adults but can also affect younger adults if they have inadequate calcium intake or other lifestyle factors that can cause calcium loss in the body. Risk factors for osteoporosis include deficiency of vitamin D, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Treatment typically involves medication and lifestyle modification.

Conclusion

Many skeletal disorders can be prevented or treated if they’re caught early. The most important thing to remember is to take care of yourself and be aware of any physical changes in your body. Regular medical check-ups, proper nutrition, and exercise can all go a long way in preventing or managing skeletal disorders.

The human skeletal system is an incredibly important aspect of our bodies, providing the framework, structure, and protection we need to move and live comfortably. It is important to be aware of the potential skeletal disorders that can affect us and take steps to prevent or manage them.