Everyday Chemistry: The Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents
by Yuvi K - December 16, 2023
What is Everyday Chemistry?
Everyday Chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry that deals with the basics of substances and the reactions they undergo in our daily life. It includes topics such as thermochemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and chemical reactivity. Everyday Chemistry is an important aspect of modern life and it is used in industries, households, and scientific research.
The Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents
Soaps and detergents are key components of everyday chemistry, and they are vital for our domestic and industrial operations. They play an important role in cleaning, laundry, personal hygiene, and even disinfecting.
Soaps and detergents work through the process of “Surface Active Agents” (also known as surfactants). These agents can break down the structure of a contaminant, like oil and dirt, and help in removing them.
In this process, the surfactant molecules are first attracted to the water molecules due to their hydrophilic ( पानी रूप ) HEADS. At the same time, their hydrophobic ( पानीसेहगेला ) TAILS are attracted to the dirt on the surface. Eventually, the dirt particles bind with the surfactant molecules and are then rinsed with the water.
Difference between Soaps and Detergents
Soaps and detergents look alike, but they are different in several ways.
| Criterion | Soaps | Detergents |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C17H35COO–Na+ (Sodium soap) | R-CO-O-S (Synthetic organic surfactants) |
| Prepared From | Organic compounds, typically fatty acid salts | Synthetic organic compounds |
| Main Uses | Cleaning of hands, body, and delicate fabrics | Cleaning of tough stains, floor and between fabrics |
Conclusion
Soaps and detergents are two key contributors to everyday chemistry. They help cleaning our clothes, floors and other surfaces effectively. Although they may seem similar, soaps and detergents are fundamentally different in their chemical formulas and uses.
Thus, Soaps and detergents are not only an integral part of everyday chemistry, but they are also a necessary part of everyday life.
