Neurobiology: The Human Nervous System Explained
by Yuvi K - December 16, 2023
Introduction to Neurobiology and the Human Nervous System
Neurobiology (न्यूरोबायोलॉजी) is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of the nervous system of living organisms, from the functioning of a single neuron, to the learning and memory processes of the brain and the evolution of behavior. It covers all aspects of neuroscience from human to cellular biology. Neurobiology provides us with a better understanding of how the nervous system works and also gives us an insight into the development of certain disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease.
The Human Nervous System
The human nervous system (मानव नेव्हरस सिस्टम) is a complex and intricate network of cells and pathways that helps us think, move, learn and remember. This system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves that control the movement and communication of sensory information from the environment around us. It is responsible for the coordination of all bodily activities, from the conscious control of our movements to unconscious reflexes.
Parts of the Human Nervous System
The Brain
The brain (मस्तिष्क) is the part of the human nervous system that is responsible for controlling our physical and mental processes, including thoughts, actions, memories and emotions. It consists of the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating our movements; the cortex, which is responsible for our sensory, motor, and cognitive functions; and the limbic system, which is responsible for our emotions.
Table 1:Parts of the Human Brain
Part
Description
Cerebellum
Responsible for coordination of movement
Cortex
Responsible for sensory, motor, and cognitive functions
Limbic system
Responsible for emotions
The Spinal Cord
| Part | Description |
|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Responsible for coordination of movement |
| Cortex | Responsible for sensory, motor, and cognitive functions |
| Limbic system | Responsible for emotions |
The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord (स्पाइनल कोर्ड) is a part of the central nervous system (CNS) that runs along the spine and is responsible for sending signals between the brain and the body. It is composed of nerves that transmit sensory information, such as pain and temperature, to the brain. It also carries signals from the brain to the body in order to control voluntary movements, such as walking and running.
The Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system (परावर नेव्हरस सिस्टम) is composed of nerves that travel throughout the body, carrying sensory information and control signals to and from the brain and spinal cord. This system is divided into the somatic nervous system, which is responsible for voluntary movement, and the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for involuntary functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
Functions of the Human Nervous System
The human nervous system (मानव नेव्हरस सिस्टम) is responsible for many different functions. These include:
- Cognitive functions, such as memory, problem solving, language, and attention.
- Movement, such as walking, running, and balance.
- Sensory functions, such as vision, hearing, and touch.
- Autonomic functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.
- Emotional functions, such as pleasure, anger, and fear.
Conclusion
The human nervous system (मानव नेव्हरस सिस्टम) is a complex and intricate network of cells and pathways that helps us think, move, learn and remember. It is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves, and is responsible for the coordination of all of our bodily activities. By better understanding the structure and functions of the nervous system, we can gain insight into conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and traumatic brain injury.
