Photovoltaic Cell: Harnessing Solar Energy
by Yuvi K - December 17, 2023
What is a Photovoltaic Cell?
A photovoltaic (PV) cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. It does this by absorbing light and then producing an electric current. Photovoltaic cells are often used to power small electronic devices and also to provide electricity to homes and businesses. These cells are typically made of semiconductor material, such as silicon, which is capable of capturing light and converting it into usable electricity. PV cells are also used in large-scale solar farms, where they are arranged in arrays that together can generate a large amount of electricity for the customer.
How does the Photovoltaic cell work?
The PV cell is essentially a semiconductor device with two layers of semiconductor material. When energy in the form of light (photons) strikes the PV cell, it excites the electrons in the PV material, causing them to become ‘free radicals’ (मुक्त रैडिकल्स – Mukaat Raidikaals). These free radicals then jump or ‘float’ across the cell’s p–n junction (पी–एन जंक्शन – Pee-Aen Jankushan). As they do so, they create an electric field (विद्युतीक्षाणुगमन – Vidyutikshaanugamann). As more photons strike the cell, more free radicals are created, and the electric field grows stronger.
Advantages of Photovoltaic Cells
PV cells are environmentally friendly and provide a clean, renewable source of energy. PV cells are also easy to install and maintain, as they do not require any specialized maintenance equipment. Furthermore, PV cells can last up to 25 years with minimal degradation. In addition, they are relatively inexpensive to purchase and install, making them an attractive option for individuals looking to power their homes with solar energy.
Applications of Photovoltaic Cells
Photovoltaic cells are used in a variety of different applications. One of the most common uses for PV cells is in remote locations, where they provide an off-grid energy source. PV cells are also used in buildings to power lights and small appliances. Additionally, they are used to power large-scale solar farms to provide electricity to entire communities.
Limitations of Photovoltaic Cells
Despite their many advantages, PV cells do have some limitations. Most notably, their efficiency is limited; that is, they can only convert so much of the light that strikes them into usable energy. Additionally, PV cells require direct sunlight to function, so they are not suitable for cloudy or shaded locations. Finally, PV cells are fairly expensive, and the large upfront cost of installation can discourage potential buyers.
Conclusion
PV cells are an effective way to harness solar energy. They are easy to install and maintain, and provide a clean, renewable source of energy that can last up to 25 years. Additionally, they are relatively inexpensive and can be used in both residential and large scale-applications. Despite their disadvantages, PV cells are the most cost effective way to generate electricity from the sun.
