Rectifiers: Converting AC to DC
by Yuvi K - December 17, 2023
What are Rectifiers: Converting AC to DC?
Rectifiers are electronic devices used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). They are the most commonly used power supplies in many consumer electronics, like cell phones, laptops, desktop computers, etc. They are essentially an electrical circuit that converts AC into DC by taking the average voltage (mean voltage) from the AC source.
Rectifiers are essentially a combination of two main components, the diode and the transformer. The diode is used as the primary component in a rectifier circuit. It is a two-terminal device which allows the flow of current in a single direction and does not permit current to flow in the opposite direction. The transformer is used to step-down the AC from the mains supply and is necessary to reduce any harmonic distortion in the AC supply.
Different Types of Rectifiers
Rectifiers can be divided into several categories based on their properties. The different types of rectifiers include bridge rectifiers, center-tapped rectifiers and full-wave rectifiers.
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge rectifiers are the most common type of rectifiers used in home appliances like television sets, portable music players, etc. They consist of four diodes arranged in the shape of a bridge which is why they are known as bridge rectifiers. They are used for power rectification since they can provide high voltage gain and output current of alternating current (AC) input signals. The bridge rectifier also makes the AC power source independent from the load, which is why it is used in most home appliances.
Center-Tapped Rectifiers
Center-tapped rectifiers are also known as ‘half-wave’ rectifiers as they convert only half of the AC waveform. They are typically used in low-power applications, like powering small motors or low power transformers. They are relatively inexpensive and easy to design and are therefore very common for low power applications.
Full-Wave Rectifiers
Full-wave rectifiers are the most efficient type of rectifiers as they convert the entire AC cycle or waveform into DC power. They are very versatile and can be used to produce both linear and non-linear power signals, like those used in most digital appliances and applications. They are also less prone to thermal or harmonics distortions.
Main Uses of Rectifiers: Converting AC to DC
Rectifiers are widely used in consumer electronics due to their ability to convert alternating current to direct current. The most common applications include cell phones, laptops, desktop computers, television sets, portable music players, etc.
In addition, rectifiers are also used in power electronics applications, like in power supplies, solar cells and batteries, where they are used to charge these devices. They are also used for power conditioning, high efficiency lighting systems, frequency control and power distribution systems.
Rectifiers are also widely used in industrial processes, like arc welding, where they are used to convert high voltage alternating current into direct current. They are also used in electro-plating, where the rectifier is used to convert the current for use in the plating process. Additionally, they are used in medical applications like defibrillators and other medical equipment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, rectifiers are a type of power electronics device used to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). The most common types of rectifiers are bridge rectifiers, center-tapped rectifiers and full-wave rectifiers. They are widely used in consumer electronics, power electronics applications, industrial processes and medical applications.
