Human Diseases: A Biological Perspective

by Yuvi K - December 16, 2023

Introduction to Human Diseases: A Biological Perspective

Human diseases are part and parcel of anyone’s life at some point or the other. Although illnesses can be caused due to a number of factors like environmental conditions, lifestyle, or genetic makeup, a biological perspective of analyzing them proves to be far more efficient. By understanding the different aspects of human biology, one can accurately determine the cause and consequences of illnesses, ultimately paving the way towards their accurate treatments.

What is Human Biology?

Human biology is the scientific study of the biological processes which occur inside of the human body. It helps to explain how the body operates, how it can go wrong, and what can be done to put it back in working order. It focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology behind different diseases. By examining how the anatomy affects the physiology, one can arrive at an accurate diagnosis and use the pathology to treat the disease, once and for all.

What are the Primary Causes of Diseases in Humans?

The primary causes of diseases in humans can be categorized into pathogens, genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and accidental factors.

Pathogens –

Pathogens, also known as microbes, are tiny organisms which can cause sickness and disease. These include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. They penetrate into an individual’s body and cause illness by releasing toxins which distort the normal physiology of the body.

Genetic –

Genetic diseases are caused due to the alteration or malfunctioning of certain genes. These genes can be passed down from one generation to another or can be acquired during the process of reproduction. Some genetic disorders include thalassemia (काफ़ीहारी रोग), cystic fibrosis (अंकुरित निर्माण), and sickle cell disease (मुख्यमित्र की बीमारी).

Lifestyle –

A person’s lifestyle can also have an effect on their health. People who practice an unhealthy lifestyle, including smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating unhealthy foods, are more likely to develop various illnesses.

Environmental –

Environmental factors, such as air pollution, water pollution, and radiation exposure, can also contribute to the development of diseases. People who live in places with high levels of air pollution are prone to developing respiratory diseases, like asthma (मासिका), bronchitis (कफ़ीक्षारोग), and COPD (कोर्शनेल अप्रेशन).

Accidental –

Accidental factors, such as injury and trauma, can also lead to the development of illnesses. A traumatic event can lead to physical damage which can then result in disease. For example, traumatic brain injury (तनाव से मस्तिष्क की चोट) can result in memory problems or seizures.

How are Human Diseases Diagnosed?

Diagnosis of diseases in humans can be done in two ways:

Physical Examination –

Physical exam is a type of medical procedure where a doctor examines a patient’s body for signs of disease. The doctor takes the patient’s pulse, checks for lumps or swellings, looks into their eyes, and feels their joints for any abnormalities.

Imaging Studies –

Imaging studies are medical tests which examine body parts through imaging technologies such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These imaging studies provide detailed images of the body’s organs and tissues, enabling doctors to accurately diagnose diseases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, when examining human diseases, it is important to consider the various aspects of human biology. By understanding the primary causes and ways of diagnosis, one can accurately determine the source of an illness and take the necessary steps to bring it under control. A greater understanding of biological processes can help us lead healthier lives and reduce the prevalence of diseases in humans.

This article is written by Dr Bhavya Nainani MD.